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显示标签为“Nike Shox Chaussures”的博文。显示所有博文

2010年12月1日星期三

Bleu Nike Shox R4 Cartoon Sneaker

Quand il s'agit de chaussures de sport, il ya un nom qui se démarque parmi les autres chaussures de qualité supérieure et d'endurance --- qui est Nike Shox R4 Cartoon Sneaker. Quatre colonnes Nike Shox unité au talon pour un amorti réactif. Semelle extérieure en caoutchouc solide comprend un motif de traction dynamique pour une meilleure adhérence. Empeigne synthétique de cette Hommes Nike Shox R4 Cartoon Chaussures offre une durabilité durable et respirant confort. Acheter ces Nike R4 Chaussures sera un choix sage. Le pouvoir est en train de passer entre vos mains.

Couleur: Bleu et Blanc
Sexe:Hommes
Poids environ:900g

Notre Boutique offrons hommes Nike chaussures, femmes Nike baskets,enfants Nike Chaussures, Nike Air Max sneaker, Nike Air Max TN Baskets, Nike Shox NZ Trainers, Nike Shox OZ Chaussures et Nike Shox R4 séries vendent en gros, aucun ordre minimum limité. S.V.P vois [plus de produits]
Nike Shox R4 Cartoon Sneaker

2010年11月26日星期五

Air Max TN Trainer Tissu en Blanc et Couleurs

La technologie extrémité élevé combine avec un design simplifié en cette Air Max TN Trainer Tissu pour une promenade et fit en meilleure que c'est conçu pour la vitesse, et ces Air TN Walking Chaussures sont idéal si vous êtes un coureur avec un underpronated à la marche neutre. Le coloris blanc/couleur est chaud et vente rapide, ce Hommes Nike Air Max TN Sneakers maintenant sont disponible en ligne www.tn-chaussures.eu , obtenir vos cette chaussures rapidement! Attendez avec intérêt coloris différents, ces chaussures laisseront tomber d'autres colorways dans la saison prochaine. Nous vous maintiendrons mis à jour.
Couleur: Blanc et Couleurs
Sexe:Hommes
Poids environ:900g

Notre Boutique offrons hommes Nike chaussures, femmes Nike baskets,enfants Nike Chaussures, Nike Air Max sneaker, Nike Air Max TN Baskets, Nike Shox NZ Trainers, Nike Shox OZ Chaussures et Nike Shox R4 séries vendent en gros, aucun ordre minimum limité. S.V.P vois [plus de produits]
Air Max TN Trainer Tissu
Air Max TN Trainer Tissu

2010年11月25日星期四

Boys Shox R4 Olympics Shoes Sale in Black and Golden

These incredible Boys Shox R4 Olympics Shoes Sale have been designed to offer maximum support and comfort, with boat like shape design can fully reduce the weight when playing football. The upper of these Boys Shox R4 Olympics Shoes Sale are made of premium-grade leather for lightweight comfort and touch. The Adaptive ShotShield provides both instep and swerve kicking accuracy. A simple one-piece sleeve sockliner gives also give these Boys Shox R4 Olympics Shoes Sale a dynamic fit like no other brand shoes can competitive.

Color: Black and Golden
Sex: Kids
Weight: 0.7kg

Welcome to visit our store, our shop sell kids Nike shoes, mens Nikes shoes, womens Nikes shoes,Nike Shox R4 Trainers, Nike Shox OZ shoes, Nike Shox NZ, Nike Air Max Sneaker, Nike Air Max TN, etc for both retail and wholesale. See [more item].
Boys Shox R4 Olympics Shoes Sale
Boys Shox R4 Olympics Shoes Sale

2010年11月10日星期三

Creativity to the side too vibrant brand

in-depth interviews with business after several days, the growth mechanism of the brand side too, mind gradually clear up at the press. side too is a very innovative company, which from the side so the first generation of products in the market selling off the storm, it marked by a deep imprint, the imprint is enterprise Side too brands of Chinese Elements
Mao Zhong-Qun was born in Cixi, Cixi longer. He single-handedly built the brand is too square, too, was born in Sri Lanka, grew up in Sri Lanka.
Cixi in Ningbo city communities in the plains, not a big city, but here's rich cultural heritage In 1973, in Yuyao and Cixi adjacent discovered Hemudu cultural sites, unearthed thousands of pieces of seven thousand years ago, bone, pottery, jade, wood, and by the production tools made of these materials, household items and decorative handicrafts, a true reflection of the original matriarchal society of prosperity, the discovery has shocked the world.
From traditional culture to the side too products. Hemudu culture, representing the advanced productive forces of society at that time. Our ancestors since then has begun to focus on through labor, to improve their quality of life, and in the Hemudu exhibits unearthed cultural relics, feel at home. Who can say, this Hemudu clan society from the A unique creative side too active not just the first generation of products, but also for the vitality of enterprises to find a continuation of the brand value of the content.
Transmission to help from the business side too brands. Jiangsu and Zhejiang region is a rich place to help business, business to help in the top ten in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Ningbo Gang to create a well-known clothing brands such as Youngor.
Start at the beginning of Mao Zhong-Qun, Li Mao did not go to follow his father's cause both Xiang, Ningbo, did not take the traditional path of doing business, and he's starting his own business career, and was locked in the power industry, the humble kitchen, plunge is fourteen years. fourteen years of concentrated business, loyal group of Mao not only made the side of the industry is too well-known brands, but also for the regional economy and driving out to create a new cluster.
Ningbo plains of the human environment and the Ningbo people's business intelligence, for the party too brand growth, provide a rich soil and nutrition, in the side too sales revenue exceeded 2 billion yuan on the occasion, Mao Zhong Group to proceed with the management, he is trying to bring more traditional Chinese culture and into the side too, the enterprise, and ultimately the formation elements in the life of the brand side too. none other than the field. The reason is simply the vast majority of apparel companies will own the previous product focus to a consumption capacity of the adult world, ignoring the operation of market development in this area. But as the market matures and changes in consumer demand, many manufacturers suddenly found I look back rooms, children's wear market place is a dim light. huge market demand and the objective of profit margins immediately attracted the concern of a large number of clothing manufacturers, clothing and even some international giants have also shot, their eyes on this emerging market. All this shows that children's wear market is booming, with great potential.
However, as the NIKE, Eddie Das and other international children's wear brands have moved into the Chinese market and other capital markets Hushi end to end for the children, the children of domestic enterprises will no longer be facing and their own water for about the same domestic enterprises will face more mature markets abroad has strong operational experience and resources to support a new round of competition. need to attract major manufacturers concerned that the new round of competition, not simply reflected in the price or the production capacity competition, the more the brand is reflected in the overall competition.
How can enterprises in the new round of competition, how to enlarge and strengthen the existing brand? This is a children's clothing business threshold. Decent sail to the wind, make life difficult to remain busy and did not earn much considerable profit.
Based on this, I combine years of practical experience, children's clothing companies to make the following recommendations to enhance the brand.
1. Market segmentation, cutting the market.
Market or that market, the different needs of specific segments of the market, only groups clearly defined, can be conducive to business. Children's wear market, and its population range from 0 to 14 years age range of children, even in some of the parents eyes, 14 years old 16 years old junior high school children are also counted as a range, specifically from the market can be divided into 0, 1-year-old baby equipment installed 3 years old child, 4-6-year-old children, 7-9-year-old segment The 10-12 years in the Kids section of a large section of children aged 13 to-16 segment of juvenile loaded six. Specifically as follows:
The main purpose of this subdivision is for children 0-16 years of age during development, facing different stages of their psychological characteristics and physiological characteristics, and there are differences in growth characteristics. From the figure we can see that the growth of children process, the mental consciousness is gradually realized by the non-conscious process of development that the rebellious. effectively understand the process, will determine the children at different stages of their differences in style and materials, for example, in early childhood, because the baby skin The immune system is extremely low and delicate skin, it is bound to a number of chemical raw materials for the children rejected by their mothers. Meanwhile, the China's national conditions, only two age groups, there is no taboo clothing, one infant groups, other One is the elderly population. Therefore, from clothing styles and colors, can be said of 2. Product functionality development, brand-oriented interests of
Children's wear market and the biggest difference between the market and different adults is that children's clothing market, consumers have two members, one of the users are children is the children, the other is to buy children's clothing is the decision-makers and staff are parents of children . children's clothing brand to promote this special brings problems, the user is locked children or parents of the children? After all, this decision-making power to judge, but the two have radically different. The younger the children, their self-consciousness weaker,Nike Air Max 90 Ltd, higher grades of children, the stronger the self-consciousness. From this analysis, infants, young children should be the point of parents, consumers, not children! and children to the juvenile within the growing awareness of children strong sense of self-selection is stronger, which led to the greater age of the child, pointing to its market, the more consumers move closer to the children themselves. This will determine the trends and changes in vendor products as tone, stress that the efficiency of marketing that the enterprises should be in the shortest possible time to sell their products to consumers. and leveraging this market is to leverage the most effective way to find the right fulcrum, in terms of children's clothing, the fulcrum is the precise brand positioning, to meet consumer needs.
For the children themselves, the children's clothing products are two core points, one is the quality of the product itself is not bad, followed by the representative of the product itself is the child's own spiritual quest, in which case the more the performance of older children more significant. A typical case is Nike shoes, the same product, do not paste Nike trademark, the price is not known if less than one, but with the NIKE mark, the price can suddenly quadruple, or even higher . This is a quality which in itself is no longer competitive, but because consumers and representatives of NIKE shoes itself behind the spirit of a positive resonance, which is called the spirit of the brand mark.
Similarly, for parents, concern for children's wear market has two core points. One is the product to its own manufacturing quality and product quality, the other is behind the product represents the derivative interests. The former is mandatory product requirements, are necessary conditions. The latter is a spiritual pursuit. The reason, no wonder the parents are reflected in the meticulous care and vision care for children a future of unlimited. logic diagram is as follows:
Either from the user point of view, or from the perspective of decision makers or staff who, in the process of brand positioning brand value will follow a line, that value delivery. simple example is as follows:
For example, children products, claiming 100% cotton material, they play a role is to show the product has a soft and lightweight function, which gives consumers the impression that the product must be comfortable and will not stimulate the child's skin lead to allergies. and all the mothers want their children to grow up healthy and happy, this is their primary motivation, so they buy clothes for children when in the painstakingly described, picked and chose only one objective, that is to do a due diligence of the good mother, if they do not choose for their children to the appropriate clothes, then your heart may be sorry, but because of his implicit question is not worried about being dedicated and the power of social condemnation, fear itself a bad mother. So, if the chosen 100% cotton children's wear product attributes, then select the product indirectly proved the mother must choose 99% of the cotton than the more conscientious mother, the social benefits is to choose the Products mother must be two-tailed mermaid wood carving patterns, her naked breasts and a fully visible double fish tail.
Then Starbucks by Howard. Mr. Schultz founded by merger of coffee a day, so for a new trademark. The second edition of the mark, followed the original mermaid logo, but made little changes, and she did not bare breasts and on behalf of the trademark color to green coffee per day, it is so integrated with the original Starbucks coffee a day was born a trademark feature.
Currently located in Seattle's Pike Place Market, market street.
Brand Culture
culture-specific comments from multiple perspectives Brand positioning: and the history of world literature have a high status, but Melville's readers, and not that much, mostly well-educated, have higher cultural taste who, without a certain culture, educated people can not read Petty Bourgeoisie rich people-based white-collar city.
Brand Identity: the green Starbucks logo is a two-tailed mermaid looks like the image of Poseidon, the logo is a young designer in 1971 by Terry in Seattle. Hechler statues from the medieval woodcut was inspired by the sea designed to identification. Mermaid on the original image also conveys a double meaning and the modern: her face is very simple, but with a modern abstract forms of packaging in the middle is a black and white, only color on the outside surrounded by a circle. Twenty years ago, Starbucks created The logo, only a coffee shop. Today, the beautiful Brand Appeal: customer experience is the core demands of the Starbucks brand equity. Just like McDonald's has been promoting sales of joy, like Starbucks, the typical American culture can be gradually broken down into elements of experience: a warm visual, auditory arbitrary, smell the smell of coffee and so on. Imagine through the huge glass windows, watching the crowds on the streets, gently sip of coffee, which is very consistent with kunde in the The Coffee l Religion r. Starbucks people think: their products not only coffee, coffee is just a carrier. And it is through this vector of coffee, Starbucks, a unique style to send to customers. Coffee consumption is largely a cultural sensibility level of consumption, cultural communication needs is an environment created by cafe culture can infect customers, and create a good interactive experience.
Brand communication: the Starbucks brand communication is not a simple imitation of the traditional sense of the huge avalanche of advertising and promotion, but inventive, using a different kind of communication strategies mm word of mouth marketing, the way of consumer word of mouth to promote the goals of Starbucks growing customer base.
Schultz's explanation is: The success of Starbucks proved a cost of millions of dollars of advertising is not the creation of a national brand prerequisite for adequate financial resources to create brand-name products is not the only condition. You step by step, once a customer , once a shop or a market to do one. In fact, this may be the best way to win customer trust, but also the unique Starbucks!
Starbucks, through a series of events to build a good reputation. For example, before the loss of a customer that put the original stuff return; store manager win the lottery and the prize money distributed to the employees to work as usual; Southern California, a manager hired a hearing impaired people taught him how to point one and to win the hearing-impaired people, so that they feel such a friendly atmosphere.
Brand Alliance: Starbucks Another strategy is to enhance the brand's rapid expansion of the brand by brand alliance advantages in the development process to enhance their brand equity to find a strategic partner to expand sales channels, alliances with powerful partners, to expand marketing network.
barnes & nobile bookstores cooperation with Starbucks, one of the most successful companies. barnes & nobile has launched a campaign to become the book that is the center of people's social life, which Starbucks And together, beginning in 1993, barnes & nobile collaboration with Starbucks, so Starbucks in the bookstore to open their own retail business, Starbucks may be attracting people eager to rest,Nike Shox Shoes, not textbook, but the flow of bookstore coffee shop sales increased by .1996 Starbucks and Pepsi alliance as the product image. In 2007, Starbucks and Apple reached a cooperation agreement in Starbucks stores in the chain terminal equipment related to the installation, iPod music player and iPhone users are mobile phone users can use the Starbucks brand new iTunes store online music download service, coffee and music blend to create new forms of service marketing precedent.
Brand expansion: the expansion of the Starbucks chain, thanks to Starbucks to their brand into the values and the corporate culture into a consumer can feel content and form. Starbucks brand expansion, has always insisted Direct line: the Starbucks Headquarters direct management, unified leadership, the purpose is to control the quality standards. so that each store planning, management and training by the headquarters staff, to ensure that each store is one hundred percent of overseas origin Starbucks. Although a larger initial investment capital, but the staff high professional quality, easy to coffee, the promotion of education and the establishment of the industry's most professional image of the Starbucks brand and reinforce the strong expansion.
The end of 2001, the United States Kellogg School of Management survey showed that: the success of companies with a consistent, clear and multi-level approach to define and use emotional relationship. Xing Bake Zaiyu added to the mystery of the rise of coffee beans in a kinds of special ingredients: caring children. Starbucks have all along been carrying out this core value. The origin of the core values and focus on the interpersonal Scholz, believe that the most powerful and most enduring brands in the minds of customers and partners to establish. the brand inside and outside the final analysis, is a company (between partners, between partners and customers) to form an alliance and a loss of spirit all loss, a prospering community of interests.
Starbucks is responsible for Michel, vice president of beverage. Gass said: value, should be regarded as a company's core assets that the company's customers, suppliers, alliance partners and employees, the value of the network. as important assets.
Client assets: Starbucks is a major competitive strategy in the coffee shop to communicate with customers, raw coffee is particularly important to communicate with customers. Each students must undergo 24 hours of coffee mm customer service training, basic sales skills, basic knowledge of coffee, coffee making skills. coffee, students need to hunch to customer needs, patiently explained the different taste of coffee aroma when boldly make eye contact. Starbucks has adopted to seek the views of customers, strengthen customer relationships. each weeks of the project leaders are based in public made the customer feedback card.
Staff assets: Starbucks to build not only a new experience for the customer to create a company, is a high degree of emphasis on staff emotions and employee value of the company. Howard. Schultz will be the company's success is largely attributed to companies and employees between the ;
At Starbucks, the staff called become a partner in the company, so that each employee and the company took the overall performance of link, whether it is CEO, or any partner, have adopted the same attitude .20 mid-90s, Starbucks employee turnover rate 6%, far lower than the fast food industry, 14% of part-time to 30% quit rate.
Supplier assets: the relationship between Starbucks model also extends to the supply chain to upstream suppliers have, including coffee plantation farm, bakery, paper cups, plants and so on. Starbucks supplier selection and assessment procedures are very strict, Starbucks to spend a lot of manpower, material and financial resources to develop suppliers to secure the long-term stability with suppliers to maintain relationships, so that switching costs can be saved, two suppliers to avoid the impact of adjustments to the business. vice president john yamin said:
is a trademark? choice to purchase a certain kind of trademark. In the back of a trademark is consumer acceptance of an emotion, a strong country, its products must be a strong trademark, a strong national culture and connotation of the value of a trademark is a consumer purchase driving force, even for consumers to learn and imitate, fanaticism, the object of worship.
Trademarks, patents, copyrights, intellectual property is the traditional three. Trademark strategy of national intellectual property strategy an important part. To strengthen the strategic implementation of the trademark organization and leadership, according to the views of the implementation of consumer groups to get world recognition it? of how the Chinese culture embodied in the trademark and rehabilitation of it? Mr. Wu Jiajie for your interpretation of the Chinese trademark Historical Status of China Trademark
China's increasingly strong national strength, China will inevitably contribute to the upsurge of national self-confidence. In terms of products to reflect the trademark, the Chinese trademark is a culture and history, and has always been that we are proud of. Head Ma Ju Yuan (hat shop ); wearing eight Xiang (Chou Duandian); liter inline foot (shoe store); around his waist four constant (banks), Linfair Reform of the past three decades, the Chinese economy has made great achievements, but the Chinese trademark is labeled Under the booming economy, on the whole, a trademark of strategic awareness of enterprises are generally lower than in Western developed countries, many enterprises to implement trademark strategy of how there are significant errors. trademark quantity and quality is generally poor, lack of innovation and culture, the commercial value of trademarks have sufficient understanding of the concept of Chinese enterprises still remain in importance only to the funds, equipment and other tangible assets of the status quo. As for the trademark flip of some of the Chinese enterprises, trademark strategy is also limited to planning, and no be vigorously implement their own way, mainly to chase market share and sales margins based, not high gold content mark, international competitiveness is not strong, there is no unified national trademark development strategy, emphasis on the value of the competitive atmosphere trademark.
At present, there are the following issues:
Worship mm trademark incorrect operators and consumers generally do not attach importance to the local trade mark, the market of foreign brand advocates, or joint-venture brands. Some China-made products, but also from a foreign name altogether. Chinese people do not understand, foreigners do not understand, And up is low, many registered trademarks are the side edge of marketing, there are significant business risks. At the same time, old Chinese domestic trademarks are registered in foreign countries frequently, the Chinese trademark wall of the wall is not fragrant incense.
Lack of cultural orientation mm trademark brand name in the cultural misunderstanding. from the support of the Chinese culture, the simple domestic trademark of foreign letters to the mainstream consumer groups is difficult to win the respect, China is facing not only the high-end luxury goods, only the product, no brand of foreign competition faced embarrassment.
Cultural values are the trademarks of too few mm mark if the Chinese do not value our own cultural heritage, is not long, reflecting the national spirit and excellent quality of Chinese trademarks is extremely rare.
Domestic enterprises is not enough the importance of trademarks, famous trademarks few mm in today's world, no smoke in this commercial war, with the number of brands has become the measure of a country's economic strength is one important indicator of strength. However, China is now or the real In addition, Chinese enterprises should be given to sound the alarm, to attach great importance to trademark rights abroad, the importance of registered overseas. Our business, particularly well-known enterprises, the lack of the sense of old now, to our export products to countries that mark more up.
Is a trademark of development history, from the company's start-up times for the product name, has now entered a trademark innovative products to the culture of the new future products bearing trademarks of age, a trademark of World War II but also through a very long period of time. < br /> Decided to mark achievements of national culture
Trademarks, patents, copyrights, intellectual property is the traditional three. Trademark of National Intellectual Property Strategy is an important part of the strategy. Implementing trademark strategy, developing brand economy depends mainly on the innovation, research, technology, management, quality and corporate culture. Enterprise inseparable from culture, leader Mao Zedong once said: An army without culture is a stupid army. no recognition of cultural values, business can not grow up. inseparable from culture, trademark, consumers buy the product, the value of product in the identification At the same time, more recognition is the emotional value products, on product labeling with the interpretation of the cultural spirit.
The history of civilization in the world, dating is not the only Chinese civilization, the blood and bone marrow that an in-depth cultural gene can not be changed. With the rapid development of society, although the Chinese people's cultural values are the times in development and change, the pursuit of personal, cultural diversity, consumer groups to determine the diversity of products in the decision. So,Nike Air Max Shoes, what kind of product is a favorite of consumers do? mm for Chinese consumers, some of the basic Chinese The basic idea and the spirit of national aspirations and values are the same, which determines the strength of the core spirit of the brand and the national aspirations of the outreach strategy.
From birth to trademark intellectual property rights, the protection of intangible assets during the development process of China's trademark for a long time, the mounting of a superior, the fate of the Chinese nation magnificent, undulating varied, but the consensus for recognition is a trademark of universal, decisions that mark the achievements of culture.
The product is not foreign occupation of China market, China is a multi-ethnic integration of the country, for the brand, too, a country on the brand if you want in a so-called pure descent into account the views of the country, there is no market , no history of the founding of China's long history of Cardiff on behalf of foreign products, what qualifications are five thousand years of civilization in China, land of talk about mm can be translated into a nice, have the connotation of the Chinese name for foreign products to enter the Chinese market, the first step.
Culture is to get the local culture. Foreign CEO, many of the Chinese market has a very Chinese name, is up to national level foreign ambassador, after the name of every individual has a Chinese name.  Decided to mark the visibility of economic behavior
Market behavior is economic behavior, economic base determines the consumer awareness, it is common sense, but also an important factor in purchasing decisions.
Consumers are not blind to buy the product, but by Grade by it. Products on the trademark, factory standard, a slogan, a good image to consumers in order to stimulate, enable them to purchase in the event generated when the effect of conditioned reflex.
The so-called desire, emotion, will have a positive impact and the main way an important means.

2010年11月7日星期日

By staff wearing Nike shoes to go along

Dalian Evening News reported Dec. 19 the owner of a shop off Nike Tn Chaussures in the office, whistling sleep, men actually on the way an employee to wear out. Recently, after prosecutors to prosecute, Jinzhou District People's Court sentenced to complete a theft 5 months detention and fined 1,000 yuan.
It is understood that lives in a street Jinzhou Zhang opened a store. As Zhang creative, honest and industrious others work hard,Nike Sneaker, with the expansion of career employees gradually increased. One day this summer, Zhang due to exhaustion, the store's office in comparison to a pair of expensive Nike shoes off,Grossiste Nike Chaussures, and the phone on the side, and then sound asleep on the sofa. When he woke up and found that cell phones and put coins in the piggy bank gone off even more exasperating is that their shoes have been stolen. It seems that the thief both love money and love brands, and even second-hand shoes are allowed. He is really dumbfounding.
Later, Zhang also put this thing to forget, but one day he stumbled upon completion of his employees shop seems to be wearing a pair of his Nike shoes, after careful observation, it really was his shoes . Zhang will report this to the local police station. Completion of a police station to find,Magasin de Nike Chaussures, complete a confession, he not only stole the owner's mobile phone, piggy bank, but also walked along the boss wearing Nike shoes. Moment from greed, not only lost a complete work, but also into the classroom.

nike core competitiveness of the contest

1972, the At that time, Adidas shoes in the high-end market share is almost 100%, in complete monopoly. But by 1980, more than initially Adidas Nike sports shoes in the industry in the United States take the top spot, accounting for about 50% of U.S. market share. Since then, Nike is invincible, and firmly occupy the first seat sports shoe market, while Adidas is also now the second position to retain struggling. So, what prompted those living on the Nike was it? The most common argument is that Nike, Ping 70s grasp the trend of moving to meet the needs of the mass movement, so in the market by the warm welcome. But I prefer a high-tech enterprises submitted by the general view: Nike, Adidas has been able to overcome, because the slogan of Nike and Adidas are different. Gap causes a word to make way with Nike Adidas.
Adidas: Let every American family has a pair of Adidas shoe shoes.
Nike: Let every American family has ten pairs of Nike shoe shoes.
Why do we need ten pairs of ? Nike's explanation is a day at different times, different places wearing different shoes - running shoes, hiking shoes, walking shoes ... ...
surface, the difference is just a word, but Adidas and Nike represent a completely different concept. In 1948, Adi? Dessler in the Nike founder Philip Knight * The idea is more simple: to build a world number one sports shoe company. The The current status of Adidas and Nike fits the dream of their founder. While Adidas worry for market share, but is still considered the highest quality products. Nike is the market leader in the secure in position, is worthy of
as the absolute leader in the market, Adidas and Nike in the research and development, brand, channel, marketing and other aspects of attractions. However, the difference a word or let the two have their own characteristics.
Adidas: R & D Success
Germans character rigorous system of rigid, almost famous, the . Nike make good use of customer-oriented marketing strategy, good at grasping market opportunities. Adidas It is at this point lost to the negligence of Nike. While Nike in market share far more than Adidas, but the institute Adidas, people always put it, and professional, high-end linked to the words. Even in the 20th century, early 90s, Adidas's market share dropped to 4% of the poor, but it is on the market in professional sports shoes Nike is still not lost. Adidas can make the competitive market to keep the second seat is its extraordinary development capabilities.
nail the world's first running shoe leather queen, first pair of tennis shoes, feet first shoes were born in Adidas. In early 2002, they had to create Last year, Adidas introduced the In the realm of sports goods manufacturer Adidas has always been the forerunner of well-deserved. At present, Adidas has over 700 patents.
as one of the core strategy, Adidas has a comprehensive development system. They established a new technical innovation team, at least put a big innovation. In 2003,Wholesale Nike Chaussures, Adidas established a bit.
R & D is here that Adidas is unique, not to say that other companies do not pay attention to research and development. Nike has also been emphasized as research and technology improvements, employs more than 100 professionals engaged in research and development. Some of its research and development activities include high-speed photography of human motion analysis, conducted on 300 athletes try tests, as well as new and improved materials, shoes and continuous testing and research.
present, the overall results from both point of view, the total return on assets Adidas (ROA) and Nike are very close, which means that the long term, by virtue of those R & D strengths, further focus on consumer reaction, Adidas and Nike have the potential of a longer short. After the acquisition of Reebok, Adidas, it is hoped Adidas shoes to focus on high-end market, while Reebok to focus on mid-priced market. This allows focus on high-end, innovative Adidas footwear market has become the core logic. To accomplish this, there is no strong research and development is impossible.
Adidas slogan is
Nike: effective imitation, and strategic product portfolio
◆ effective imitation
promote the Nike company to become the market leader in product innovation is not the real power, but effective imitation.
in business strategy, Nike is not much maverick in many ways it is followed Adidas set up decades ago, recognized the success of the footwear market strategy. The strategy is: focus on testing and development of better running shoes; shoes Shangwang to attract consumers and expand all aspects of the production line; the invention printed on all products, and can be immediately recognizable by the obvious signs; use of famous athletes and major sporting events demonstrate the use of products. Even the most low-cost production tasks contracted out to foreign plants, Nike is not just a to do so. However, these have long been Nike's proven business skills in the use of the more handy than any of its rivals, Adidas and even better and more offensive.
Nike methods used to these operations, it means growth in the enterprise master the existing ways of doing business, which is copied a shortcut, make the company the opportunity of rapid development. Effective use of imitation, Nike's business strategy is strong, high probability of success, and ultimately be beyond the inventor of imitators. Effective imitation, is the Nike of the most unique core competencies.
Knight once said: The use of leverage is the acquisition of Nike's practice, the M & A presage Adidas also learned effective imitation? Adidas, Nike, as imitation Nike can do it?
drafting this point, readers may wonder: Is not imitate it? Let's not innovation, imitation will not? On the street is not easy to find authentic, could find a copy will worry about? Imitation of a product is really easy to implement, if large amounts of money, make big stars do voice is also very easy, but make strategic, brand, marketing and R & D is not easy to fully imitate. While the achievements of the Nike Jordan, but pay more attention to market segments, product mix to play better at boxing, call the M & A means more ideas to expand the market Nike is continuing the key to remain competitive. Nike to acquire rival as the best way to suppress, as mergers and acquisitions department of PricewaterhouseCoopers, a manager said: , management style similarity, as well as certain research and development capabilities of enterprises. As has been successfully created high quality local brand Li Ning, which says proudly that its sales of sports shoes in China, the number more than Nike, but also faced with a dilemma: than price, it does not really establish a unique image, although some professional athletes to develop innovative products for primary, but it will products targeted at sports and leisure center area of this ambiguous approach, consumers are still confused.
◆ strategic product portfolio
Nike has been able to from Puma, Tiger and other companies stand out in the conflict, and eventually surpass Adidas Another important reason is the adoption of a strategic product portfolio.
In general, the production is too wide will lead to a lot of trouble, because the scope is too large at the expense of production efficiency, so that the cost of greatly increased. Therefore, many scholars and experts suggested that the company narrow the scope of production, cut those products, but hard to concentrate human and material resources and attention, through superior products in the competition won. But Nike did not take such measures. Full potential by Nike to produce a wider variety of products company, opened a shoe-type mix of precedent.
by providing different styles, different prices and multi-purpose products, attracting a wide range of Nike runners, Nike is that they are providing the most complete variety of running shoes manufacturer. Moreover, the rapid expansion of the market, Nike, with its wide range of products to develop the most extensive consumer groups. It can sell the shoes of ordinary retailers, such as department stores and shoe stores, they can continue to do business with the specialty running shoe store. And because Nike can supply various types and styles of shoes, different types of retail outlets available in different styles of shoes, which have their proper place, enjoyable, therefore, the company is the only proper care of the cheap sale of certain Nike Chaussures store company.
However, the careful reader will find many models, each with a small amount of production, general production costs would increase channels to increase the backlog of inventory, a great burden on business. Now companies are cutting back the brand and focus on niche products, such as Unilever to reduce the world more than 40,000 to more than 400 brands, Nike, on what basis it increased rather than decreased it?
European and American companies are now in pursuit of a is the product of manufacturing. Technological innovation and product development and market value greater grasp of the part of enterprises, value-added manufacturing is a very small part.
Nike is a typical Nike used Nike's use of people's emotional needs as it is consumed by the desire that people want. Nike designed the widely recognized by people today, to the low labor cost countries and regions of the manufacturers, thereby reducing production costs and clear general economic enterprises are likely to encounter obstacles. Nike's model is essentially a brand operator model: only a thousand people without their own factories, but the network has two priceless, that the development of front-end and back-end network marketing network. Production of shoes, most of the tasks contracted out, thus producing a small amount of various products for Nike is an insignificant economic obstacles.
Who is the first
Procter & Gamble and Unilever mention, and perhaps a small portion of people thinking they can not afford the corresponding products, however, for Rejoice, Tide, Safeguard, Olay, or Sunsilk, Omo, Lux, Pond's, etc. well-known brands, are familiar, no longer familiar. As day two of the industry giants, Procter & Gamble and Unilever under the command of the products occupy a large number of markets, and the two or a pair of lovers, has 40 years of brutal competition in history.
2004 fiscal year, P & G's sales revenue reached 514 billion U.S. dollars, profits of 6.4 billion, were the highest ever. Although the implementation of the stock split at the beginning of 2004, P & G's share price is up 10%. However, the current CEO Lafley of P & G does not meet such impressive results, want to go faster, so there will stunned the industry early this year, Gillette merger. After the acquisition of Gillette, with more solid strength, P & G price can be the usual short-term strategy of market share from rivals to play more for the head. Relative P & G's brilliance, Unilever recently experienced frustrations. Unilever year 2004 revenues of 40.4 billion euros, down 6%, although there are 1.88 billion euros net profit, but fell 32%. This is the company's goal of 5 years ago, a far cry from the plans. Unilever and P & G's game in a relatively disadvantageous position.
Chinese history, there have been a classic If not for the 4th quarter 2004 loss of 248 million euros, Unilever, which drive the chariot of the ancient and cumbersome but also along the old track may be moved forward until it hit the rock enough to change their destiny. P & G's aggressive face of the trend, Unilever in the February 10 this year, Unilever has finally announced the long-awaited investors a message - Repeal of 75 years to implement two-chairman system of appointment of the first sole responsibility of the CEO. Unilever and brands, channels, R & D to do a series of adjustments. From the current position, the momentum is clearly weaker than Unilever Procter & Gamble. But do not forget the situation five years ago, Unilever was also a situation is excellent, while P & G to Dick? Jager (Durk Jager) at the helm, the results did one year and five months only to be thrown out during his term , the P & G's share price fell 52%, the company value shrank by 85 billion U.S. dollars. East of the river for 30 years, 30 years west. Procter & Gamble, Unilever, who exactly is the first brand in the world is difficult to determine the daily necessities, we will wait and see.
Procter & Gamble and Unilever have gained a great success, they are both in research and development, brand, channel, marketing, consumer response, human resources or information technology applications have a superior to others, but what is their The most unique place?
Procter & Gamble: Consumer First
Lafley talked about P & G's strategy, said: But, the concept has truly become the consensus of P & G people, and has the letter to every aspect of being.

◆ attention one on one customer research
P & G with over 700 million per year to communicate the consumer. In 1934, Procter & Gamble in the United States set up a consumer research organization, became the first industry in the United States using scientific methods to understand consumer demand for the company. Initially, the company employs the To the 20th century, 70's, P & G first became a free phone with the user to communicate with the company. A call from consumers broadly divided into three categories: products, consulting, product complaints, product praise. P & G established a large database, the user comments and timely feedback to product development,Nike Tn Chaussures, in order to improve the product. So far, P & G's annual variety of tools and technologies with more than seven million consumers around the world to communicate.

In recent years, Procter & Gamble, the more attention one on one customer research. Its chief sales and marketing manager Jim? Stearns Gore (Jim Stengel) gradually reduce the traditional practice of groups of concern, he said: Jim? Stearns Commissioner Gore asked P & G's market and the consumer great efforts to stay at home, research them wash their clothes, cleaning the floor the way, and even see how they package diapers for children, their habits and needs, etc. aspects of the detailed inquiry.
2000 years ago, the market researcher major brands around the time customers spend less than four hours a month, and now, Jim, said at least tripled. Even the professor's CEO Lafley I will look like a pseudonym to the consumer's home from time to time, Now, Lafley everyone that made him not the scientists from the consumer point of view Angle of products.
In addition, P & G has established a customer satisfaction monitoring system, to understand each country's consumer product feedback.
◆ product concept testing in advance
after successful promotion, which is the consistent principle of Procter & Gamble. Procter & Gamble Company in accordance with the practice in the development of products, first to identify the real needs of target customers, studying global trends. Because only the relevant trends, and products with its own characteristics, is the most viable product.
1997, P & G brewing in China of a new product: launch of a new display of modern oriental women beautiful black hair conditioner product, named ; and Such women do not blindly follow the trend, they know where the United States. Into the traditional and modern as one of the most expressive black hair beauty, perhaps their choice. This is P & G original idea.
To this end, P & G has requested the 300 consumers in product concept testing. In the survey, P & G further informed that as Asians have always been the most beautiful skin and fair complexion, and hair is darker, more contrasting skin and fair complexion to the United States. After the concept of repeated testing, P & G basic grasp the ideal of consumer hair care products - moist but beautiful black hair with vitality.
However, the vast majority of Chinese people have become accustomed to using the combo shampoo, a wide range of specialized hair care products can be acceptable? Procter & Gamble that was dedicated conditioner hair care approach has been exposed is a global trend, the developed countries about 80% of consumers exposed long-term use conditioner. In Japan, the figure is 85%. In China, the exclusive use of RT consumers are not exposed to 6%, therefore, RT-Mart exposed in China has a huge potential market.
according to the general consumer market is the needs of P & G's research and development technology center in Japan out of the wash-and disposable-type two Among them, the disposable-type RT Lu is busy professional women dedicated to innovation developed. Products have been developed, Procter & Gamble did not immediately put on the market, but to continue, please do consumers use the test, and according to the demands of consumers, further product improvements. End-to-market, and traditional Chinese herbal ingredients, especially for Asian hair and hair color.
from idea generation to market,
P & G's beauty expert Susan ? Arnold (Susan Arnold) said the test sometimes spend too much time cost. Her experience is a business opportunity is based on fashion trends and fashion trends among the market, which requires people to make intuition and instinct. When a large number of people last year, Botox (BOTOX) injection of that enthusiasm wrinkles the time, OLAY regenerist new calls the skin came into being,Nike Air Max 90 Ltd, and become the U.S. market, the first anti-aging skin. P & G has now been converted to products from the laboratory to the market, reducing the time from three years to 18 months.
◆ open innovation
Since the efficient synthesis of the world's first laundry detergent - Tide launch in 1946, so far has been done 60 times improvement. Procter & Gamble in the increasingly fierce competition in an invincible position, thanks to the pursuit of continuous innovation. In order to brainstorming for innovative, early November 2004, more than 2,000 from P & G employees around the world gathered at Northern Kentucky Convention Center to discuss how to accelerate P & G's innovation. This is P & G called the
P & G also sought from the product quality, formulation and packaging design to meet the consumers, its various products at least once a year to do the improvement and upgrading. Lafley that the company sells not only products, but also the customer's shopping experience - the specific look and smell what it was like, how to texture.
through the company's In view Lafley, talent everywhere, and should not rigidly adhere to only the company's talent. Nine Sigma is a company dedicated to client access to external technical matchmaking company. August 2001, P & G began to cooperate with the company, some independent inventors become P & G's innovation and service providers, it called them Currently, P & G 50 more of these entrepreneurs. When they have some major innovations, it will give priority to sell Procter & Gamble. SpinBrush electric toothbrush technology is Procter & Gamble in 2001 from a Mr? Osher bought the hands of the inventor.
does not mean that P & G R & D cuts, the company has always stressed the need to retain a group of internal staff from the core technology team to drive innovation process. But after all, important changes in the way of thinking. P & G also cooperate with other companies, sometimes competitors also co-income team, the launching of a product. They Clorox Company (Clorox), a joint venture company launched the nation's most popular food packaging materials. Harvard Business School professor Henry? Chester Broughton to P & G's innovation model that is called
innovation by innovation, P & G's R & D investment efficiency improved significantly. According to Lei Fuli said P & G's innovation success rate has doubled, while the other hand, the R & D investment and sales revenue increased from 3 years ago, dropped to 4.5% to 3.5% in fiscal 2004.
Unilever: think global, act localization
Unilever CEO Seth history of the first test, said: Thinking of globalization, that is, looking from the perspective of the world similar to the needs of the market, through technology, brand and management experience in the global use of economies of scale, scope, the tremendous economic benefits; action localization is to respect and adapted to the market environment, according to different countries and different cultures of the market characteristics, to meet the specific countries to maximize the specific needs of specific consumers.
◆ localization of human resources
the composition of staff localization for Unilever across disparate understanding of consumer culture, consumer needs and habits provides a useful help for companies to expand business in the region has accumulated valuable experience. Unilever believes enabled local managers to narrow the distance with consumers. The immediate past president of Unilever China Boya Lun once said: Localization of the excellent staff and management to better understand the needs of Chinese consumers. In China, 90% of Unilever's managerial staff in the local recruitment and training. This year, a substantial reduction in foreign workers the same time, many local managers promoted, and strive to make China the number of managerial staff for 95% of the total management. The company has an annual intake of 130 university graduates, to train them at home and abroad to improve the overall quality of human resources.

◆ purchasing locally
Currently, Unilever's local procurement in China has reached 90%. Industry insiders said that after years of toil, Unilever traditional Chinese herbal medicine, natural vegetation of the Road has become very familiar. As in the UFA market innovator in the field, While in the shower market in recent years committed to the development of local natural materials, These materials contain natural personal care products, the procurement of its raw materials in China is almost entirely complete.
◆ capital operation localization
Unilever view, the domestic market in China has three advantages: First, the performance of the localization of multinational companies, through the company's own stock market development and local consumer products closely linked to the public, to produce the most direct response. Second, the introduction of stock options will help motivate and retain local staff, attract more talent. Statement by the company's top leadership, the goal is two or three years, so that all employees have the ability to Unilever - if they so wish - Unilever shares or hold shares, so that they become owners. Third, help improve the company's visibility.
◆ image localization
ago, the consumer brand awareness by Unilever. In order to more directly with the Chinese consumers to communicate effectively, Unilever considers it necessary to develop a new enterprise with Chinese characteristics and identity. The new logo's slogan - to help them improve their quality of life, the good and happiness to every family. This is the first time Unilever global image for the local domestic market.
Unilever to its global brand to China, but also continue to acquire local Chinese influence, has the potential of local brands, and the technology, research and development, intensify the image and promotion, so that they to meet the needs of local consumers. So far, Unilever acquisition or lease of business of the Chinese local brands to 6: MAXAM toothpaste, Chinese toothpaste, Jinghua tea, ice cream, spread Deng Lin, Lao Chai sauce, herb washing powder.
◆ R & D localization
Unilever research and development costs for each year is about 10 billion U.S. dollars. February 28 this year, Unilever set up in Shanghai in the first six global R & D center. The center invested 166 million U.S. dollars, end of the year in this work will reach 150 Chinese scientists, the future operating costs each year 60 million yuan. The R & D center will all employ Chinese scientists, they will have access to Unilever's global R & D network resources, the implementation of localization strategy for Unilever is an important sign. R & D center in addition to commitment to product technology development and technology updates, while focusing on traditional Chinese science advocated the introduction of natural ingredients to products in order to increase the technological content of products to improve added value of products, thereby enhancing the competitiveness of products in the market .

2010年10月30日星期六

现在我的一点对dunk板鞋看法

关于dunk NIKE DUNK的本意实在是一对贴地性良好的篮球鞋。

到了90年代,由于美国新新街头文化的风靡,NIKE已经不光满足Air Max TN Tissu在常见运动界的成功,盘算扩大其产多源化而 涉足到街头X-GAME。当在街头文化和运动品牌来说,当时的NIKE只不过是一个二流品牌。NIKE意识到想在街头运动方面打出花样不光需要良好的质量 和顶尖的技术,在宣扬方面才是最大的问题。所以他们决议盘算使用和当年在篮球界一样的策略,就是使用名人带言他们的运动鞋。之后NIKE就选定了最常见也 是最受欢迎的X-GAME:SKATEBOARD(滑板)作为进入接头文化的切入点。他们以不菲的价钱签下当时非常有名的ZOO YORK滑板队作为他们的在滑板界的带言。宣传策略想好了,但在市场定位方面涌现了比较大的缺口,就是在高技术含量方面,NIKE的产品有URL和E- CUE,这2对专业滑板鞋都使用了NIKE当时最新的ZOOM AIR SQUARE的鞋垫技术让使用者能更显明的感受到AIR的避震效果,还有最新的耐磨材料和透气材料。他们的定位是专业级别的滑板选手。但在低端却没有任何 产品,NIKE立即意识到这个问题,因为NIKE知道,在他们所需要占据的市场里,中低端才是最重要的战场,在这个档次的花费者。他们偶然从事滑板运动作 为娱乐,但和专业人士相比,并不需要那么高的技术含量。但个重视适用性和格式以便于平时穿着。这时候,NIKE看到在在复古市场上AIR FORCE ONE的成功,不由想起了DUNK,就市场寿命来说,AF1已经快接近最后的尾声,但当年市场的宠儿DUNK就还完全没被开发过。NIKE的设计师就打算 推出一个改进版的DUNK来弥补NIKE在滑板界的定位空缺。
新的设计把DUNK重新分类,有低筒休闲版本的DUNK LOW和高桶的原设计的DUNK HI。在功效的方面又有更具体的分类。作为最低真个的原设计的DUNK的定位是一般休闲鞋,之后就是定位低端滑板界和高端休闲的DUNK PRO SB,他在普通的原型的DUNK基本上增添了超厚鞋舌,增长的鞋子本身的滑板FEEL和舒适度,和DUNK PRO一样有多一条额外的携带,最最最主要的是把鞋垫改成了含有相当技术含量的ZOOM AIR鞋垫,避震后果绝对一流。
DUNK SB"全称是DUNK LOW(HI) PRO SB。以前"DUNK"只是一双普通的篮球鞋,现在"DUNK"被耐克注入了更多的时尚元素,而加装了zoom air和厚鞋舌的"DUNK SB"逐渐成为了耐克滑板鞋的中坚力气.
SB系作为目前最主流的板鞋,其著名度与影响力已经不是BAPE、D.C.等小街牌所能比.
原来只为滑板运动创作的改进版复古鞋,现在已经成为潮流的标志.
这次来先容一下SB系的基础材料..
首先,何谓SB?
NIKE旗下专门出品复古运动鞋的两个子品牌Magasin de Nike Chaussures是"LE"和"SB".其中.LE作为复刻原年版的篮球运动鞋的专属标志,实际上还够不上成为子品牌的条件.
而SB则是NIKE滑板活动鞋(即"skate board"缩写)的专属标记.
如何识别SB与普通复古鞋?以下讲一讲SB与普通复古鞋款的区别.
首先从种别上讲,SB是滑板鞋,LE是篮球运动鞋.固然都采取了原年的格式,但是实质上存在差别.
其次.SB系的每一款鞋都有数目上的严厉把持.所以说在纪念价值上通常高于普通鞋款.(..在国民币价值上自然也..)
从外观及性能上讲,就用DUNK系列作为例子.
第一,SB鞋的鞋舌上缝有"NIKE SB"标志,而普通的DUNK在鞋舌上的标志是"NIKE".此外"AIR FORCE I"的标记则是"NIKE AIR".
第二,还是鞋舌.SB系DUNK的鞋舌厚度通常几倍于普通的DUNK.这是为了维护滑板运发动的脚踝的设计..而在广州,把厚鞋舌卡在裤子外面却成了潮流穿着方法..
鞋带方面,普通DUNK采取的是宽纺织鞋带.而SB采取厚鞋带.
第 三,看里面的鞋垫.普通的DUNK鞋垫上印有"NIKE"及其swoosh logo.LE系的DUNK的鞋垫上则印有"LE"的logo.不同于前两者.所有SB系鞋款的鞋垫上印的都是一个仿脚印磨痕.在磨痕的脚跟处印 有"NIKE SB"字样.此外.SB鞋的鞋垫下面会有两块附着式的Zoom Air.这自然也是出于舒适性与安全性的斟酌
第四,SB系鞋款的外底边沿处有十余个凹槽.其实其他的滑板运动鞋比如D.C.、Timberland等也有这样的凹槽.这种设计重要是便利玩滑板时跳跃并用脚底提起滑板头部的动作.而原年版的DUNK一般没有这种凹槽.
终极.DUNK SB的脚后跟外侧一般会有涉及到该款鞋身份的针织logo.这就涉及到一个更深的问题.就是各大街牌与NIKE合作推出SB的体制.
我 想各位所熟知的街牌应当不会很多..由于在现今这样Gucci、Fendy、Ecko等的上流社会品牌大行其道,在低价位又有 S&K.MB.Baleno等等品牌的兴风作浪下,在大陆著名度不高而且价位很高的街牌时常被人们所疏忽.但是酒香不怕巷子深..至少在广州和香 港.街牌的忠诚粉丝还是有很多的.我们把他称为"潮人"
扯远了.先从比拟著名的两大街牌Stussy和Supreme开端说.

对于NIKE来说,固然就现在目光看来设计简略,技术含量低的 DUNK尽对是一对跨世纪的鞋。假如按技术含量来说,大家经常吧以为没有气垫Dunk是其中最原始的一款。但准确的次序是,83年NIKE为了打败老对手 Converse而推出的Air Force 1 (第一双气垫鞋)让他们在市场上大获全胜,股票也节节攀升。但到了85年adidas卷土重来,运动产品市场大变,Nike面临有史以来最严重的财政危 机,股价在同年下跌过半,此时为了扭转逆势,Nike做了一个后来影响全世界的动作,那就以巨资签下了当时的超级新人Michael Jordan,以Air Force One为原型,为他设计了第一双签名鞋Air Jordan One。很快所有的顶级校队都强烈请求拥有自己的队鞋,这正是后来Dunk呈现的原因。在Dunk发售时有8种完整不同色彩,分辨代表了北卡罗来纳大学、 亚利桑那大学及阿肯色大学等八支NCAA顶尖球队。其实在设计方面Dunk是以Air Jordan 1代为设计原型,所以都拥有了极好的抓地性能和场地感,保证了那些优良的球员在场上可以轻盈且稳固的运动,因此性能也不可挑剔。所以DUNK 在80年代受欢迎尽对不是偶然的。

NIKE目前经常与这两家品牌合作推出新的SB鞋款来压榨宽大中国国民的钱包.
关于分工问题,自然是NIKE供给条件器材与原鞋款.然后由街牌的Designer们出卖灵感.然后该新鞋款会以街牌的名字来命名,并在后跟外侧打上专属这款鞋的LOGO.
例子有:DUNK SB LOW SUPREME 、COURT FORCE HI STUSSY等等.
经过一段时光的磨合..这样的SB鞋当然是越出越有型..我们的钱包也..
另外NIKE大JS也有与个人合作推出SB鞋的习惯..比如为重金属乐队Unkle打造的DUNK SB HI D.U.N.K.L.E.











到了90年代,由于美国新新街头文化的风靡,NIKE已 经不光满足在常见运动界的胜利,盘算扩大其产多源化而涉足到街头X-GAME。当在街头文化和运动品牌来说,当时的NIKE只不过是一个二流品牌。 NIKE意识到想在街头运动方面打出花样不光需要良好的质量和顶尖的技术,在宣传方面才是最大的问题。所以他们决议打算应用和当年在篮球界一样的策略,就 是使用名人带言他们的活动鞋。之后NIKE就选定了最常见也是最受欢迎的X-GAME:SKATEBOARD(滑板)作为进入接头文化的切入点。他们以不 菲的价钱签下当时非常有名的ZOO YORK滑板队作为他们的在滑板界的带言。宣扬策略想好了,但在市场定位方面呈现了比拟大的缺口,就是在高技巧含量方面,NIKE的产品有URL和E- CUE,这2对专业滑板鞋都使用了NIKE当时最新的ZOOM AIR SQUARE的鞋垫技术让使用者能更显明的感受到AIR的避震后果,还有最新的耐磨材料和透气资料。

以及与日本滑板队T19合作的DUNK SB HI BLUETORRIST等等等等..
当 然在讲到SB不得不讲讲SB的老祖宗DUNK。NIKE DUNK的本意其实是一对贴地性良好的篮球鞋。对于NIKE来说,固然就现在目光看来设计简略,技术含量低的DUNK绝对是一对跨世纪的鞋。假如按技术含 量来说,大家经常吧以为没有气垫Dunk是其中最原始的一款。但准确的次序是,83年NIKE为了打败老对手Converse而推出的Air Force 1 (第一双气垫鞋)让他们在市场上大获全胜,股票也节节攀升。但到了85年adidas卷土重来,运动产品市场大变,Nike面临有史以来最严重的财政危 机,股价在同年下跌过半,此时为了扭转逆势,Nike做了一个后来影响全世界的动作,那就以巨资签下了当时的超级新人Michael Jordan,以Air Force One为原型,为他设计了第一双签名鞋Air Jordan One。很快所有的顶级校队都强烈请求拥有自己的队鞋,这正是后来Dunk涌现的原因。在Dunk发售时有8种完整不同色彩,分辨代表了北卡罗来纳大学、 亚利桑那大学及阿肯色大学等八支NCAA顶尖球队。其实在设计方面Dunk是以Air Jordan 1代为设计原型,所以都拥有了极好的抓地性能和场地感,保证了那些优良的球员在场上可以轻盈且稳固的运动,因此性能也不可挑剔。所以DUNK 在80年代受欢迎绝对不是偶然的。


他们的定位是专业级别的滑板选手。但在低端却没有任何产品,NIKE立即意识到这个问题,由于NIKE知 道,在他们所须要占据的市场里,中低端才是最重要的战场,在这个档次的花费者。他们偶然从事滑板运动作为娱乐,但和专业人士相比,并不需要那么高的技术含 量。但个重视适用性和格式以便于平时穿着。这时候,NIKE看到在在复古市场上AIR FORCE ONE的成功,不由想起了DUNK,就市场寿命来说,AF1已经快接近最后的尾声,但当年市场的***DUNK就还完整没被开发过。NIKE的设计师就打 算推出一个改进版的DUNK来弥补NIKE在滑

 说回今天的主角DUNK PRO SB,可能有人说这只不过是NIKE的一种贸易行动,拿本来的产品抄冷饭,完全没有新异,那你们就错了,虽然DUNK PRO SB的确没有太领先的技术,但在某些方面来看,DUNK PRO SB的意义绝对是非同凡响的,因为它在尽可能少的转变本来设计的情形下,让应用者感受到最新技术,也可以说是完善的经典和新技术的联合。DUNK PRO SB的成功当然少不了NIKE自身的抄做,NIKE基础用尽了最常用的手腕,应用名人带言,名人设计不同配色,超级限量和最近最红火的和其他品牌的 CROSSOVER。应用前卫的色彩设计和数目上的上风,DUNK PRO SB的成功是不可能避免的。广告效应让DUNK PRO SB一夜走红,价钱可飚升,在珍藏家眼中DUNK PRO SB有几对绝对是极品中的极品。由于NIKE在DUNK PRO SB的改良方面的成功,随后退出来的AIR TRAINER1 SB以及BLAZER SB在市场上都大受欢迎。

板界的定位空缺
最后的产品就是我们今天的主角DUNK PRO SB。新的设计把DUNK重新分类,有低筒休闲版本的DUNK LOW和高桶的原设计的DUNK HI。在功效的方面又有更具体的分类。作为最低真个的原设计的DUNK的定位是一般休闲鞋,其做工很资料也是最普通的,之后就是普通的DUNK改良版 DUNK PRO作为本来DUNK的替换品,就技术而言是没有任何改变的,只是熟练为了雅观转变了鞋舌的设计和额外加送了一对鞋带来增添出不同大搭配。(BTW:我 们一般说的DUNK PRO B实在就是DUNK PRO)之后就是定位低端滑板界和高端休闲的DUNK PRO SB,他在普通的原型的DUNK基本上增添了超厚鞋舌,增长的鞋子本身的滑板FEEL和舒适度,和DUNK PRO一样有多一条额外的携带,最最最主要的是把鞋垫改成了含有相当技巧含量的ZOOM AIR鞋垫,避震后果尽对一流。之后要说是普通版本DUNK PRO的改良版本的DUNK PRO PREMIUM。从名字上就可以看出来是高端产品,PREMIUM的定位是高端休闲市场,起初的本意是PREMIUM系列全体都应用最高级的咖啡色油皮设 计,可到了后来PREMIUM系列的定义逐渐转变,但始终都代表着DUNK 系列最好的手工和最好的资料或者是超级限量的版本。最最高真个要算DUNK LOW PRO SP了,到目前为止只有2款,他们是CHOCOLATE SP和ZOO YORK SP其实SP很少在市场流通,其实只是相似NIKE的宣扬鞋。是珍藏家眼中的极品。

现在随意说说对于DUNK PRO SB的简单评测,先说说LOW吧,因为本人本来玩过滑板,对于滑板鞋的比拟大的牌子比如DC,ES之类的鞋子也算有少少的懂得。DUNK PRO SB的外观看起来是界于休闲鞋和 滑板鞋之间。因为是以普通DUNK为原型,所以没有了滑板鞋的肥大和夸大,但同样由于他使用了滑板鞋的要素之一的厚鞋舌,让他和普通的休闲鞋也有必定区 别。细心看看鞋子的用料和排线以及鞋子的粘贴,结论是在NIKE鞋中绝对一流,排线整洁,没有线头,粘贴方面绝对没有录在外面的胶水,把鞋子拿在手上,让 人感到精致的似乎一件艺术品。终于到了最重要的评策了,要说说穿上的感到。用最简略的话说DUNK PRO SB给人的感觉就是一种脚被包着的感到,一种无法用言语来形容的舒适,这些当然要回功与ZOOM AIR 鞋垫的功绩了。

 关于Air Force 1。。。
Air Force 1诞生于1982年,深深地根植于篮球运动之中。当时挑选了6位篮球运动员来代言这款鞋:摩西?马龙(Moses Malone)、迈克尔?库帕(Michael Cooper)、贾马尔?威尔克斯(Jamaal Wilkes)、博比?琼斯(Bobby Jones)、米切尔?汤普森(Mychal Thompson)以及卡尔文?奈特(Calvin Natt),他们是经过精心选出的防守专家,他们将这款篮球鞋带到了众人眼前。经典的海报,强硬的姿势,马龙和他的伙伴们展现出AF1胜利的六大要素:巨大、耐久、超出、豪放、连贯和纯洁。AF1驯服了地球!
在走路的时候非常的舒畅,和普通的DUNK感觉完全不是一个档次。能非常显明的感觉到ZOOM AIR的存在,和之前走红的带全掌AIR复古鞋AIR FORCE 1也绝对是超过十倍的胜出。跑动起来感觉到底本DUNK设计的上风,非常好的贴地形性,至于跳动的时候ZOOM AIR的避震绝对是无可挑剔的.


耐克在 1982年选出这“最初六人”职业篮球运动员作为Air Force 1的代言人,他们从这张经典海报上的赛道上腾飞,胜利地飞越了篮球与文化,从这一刻开始,篮球已经不再是从前定义的篮球了。也正由于如此,这张身着 Bruce Kilgore的杰作的“最初六人”的照片陈述着一种品牌与篮球运发动之间不同的关系,这种关系以真正实现运动员的需求为目的。

在这“最初六人”―― 摩西?马龙(Moses Malone)、迈克尔?库帕(Michael Cooper)、贾马尔?威尔克斯(Jamaal Wilkes)、博比?琼斯(Bobby Jones)、米切尔?汤普森(Mychal Thompson)以及卡尔文?奈特(Calvin Natt)――拍下这张照片二十五年后,他们所代言的产品仍然在博得共识,人们不仅认可了他们所传递的真实感,而且使他们穿着的篮球鞋成为不朽之作。实际 上,Air Force 1并非仅仅是一双鞋:它还是一种体验,它还是一座将其诞生地与一种文化衔接起来的桥梁,而这种文化又使它本身得以生存。“最初六人”就是六根最初的链条: 六位放克音乐(funk)、自由和气力的使者。他们身上拥有着过往、现在和将来,这正是我们将要看到的。


巨大、耐久、超出、豪放、连贯和纯洁,这些特质都注进了“最初六人”Air Force 1系列中。这每一个词语都是一个技巧层次,须要真正的设计和创新,才干发明出出色的性能。

而 在2007年,nike重新选择六位球星代言Air Force 1。即便Air Force 1已经分开了篮球场,但它的活动精力依然长存。科比?布莱恩特、勒布朗?詹姆斯、拉希德?华莱士、阿玛雷?斯塔德迈尔、托尼?帕克和文斯?卡特成为Air Force 1的“新六人”,承担起将Air Force 1精神发扬光大的历史使命。


Air Force 1一直以耐克技 术的精巧做工为基本。正是基于此,“最初六人”鞋品和服装都会遵守Air Force 1系列产品所设定的总体领导原则。此外,还有六双专门设计的Air Force 1 Lo运动鞋,分离采用了“最初六人”中每一位成员的人像装潢纹章。“最初六人”服装的重要设计元素是分辨捉住每一位成员球场风格的描写性语言,通过这种方 式可以使“最初六人”对AF1文化精神的影响有效地明白下来。摩西?马龙赋予了Air Force 1巨大的气质,鞋的耐久性灵感源自贾马尔?威尔克斯,迈克尔?库帕则表露出一种不断向更高境界超出的驱动力。“最初六人”中米切尔?汤普森的球场风格最好 地体现AF1的豪放姿势,而运动鞋的连贯性则在博比?琼斯的球场风格中得到最好证实。而最好地诠释Air Force 1纯洁性实质的则是“最初六人”中的卡尔文?奈特,他对赛场的把握如同他所代言的运动鞋,清洁而又获益颇多。

巨大、耐久、超出、豪放、连贯和纯洁,这些特质都注进了“最初六人”Air Force 1系列中。这每一个词语都是一个技巧层次,须要真正的设计和创新,才干发明出出色的性能。
而 在2007年,nike重新选择六位球星代言Air Force 1。即便Air Force 1已经分开了篮球场,但它的活动精力依然长存。科比?布莱恩特、勒布朗?詹姆斯、拉希德?华莱士、阿玛雷?斯塔德迈尔、托尼?帕克和文斯?卡特成为Air Force 1的“新六人”,承担起将Air Force 1精神发扬光大的历史使命。

从俄亥俄州的阿克伦城到费城的街道,从南方海岸到法国 海岸:Air Force 1在这六个新人身上表示得如此鲜活,正如曾经的“最初六人”一样,通过他们,Air Force 1彰显出一些主要特征;它与每一位运发动的个性和作风所共同拥有的品德。冷淡的美感(帕克)、传统的核心(华莱士)、独立的鄙弃(卡特)、尊敬的力气(斯 塔德迈尔)、坚韧的心坎(科比)和王者的风范(勒布朗)。这六名新人无论走到哪儿都带着这样一道光环、这样一种精力状况,这些是可以跨越任何界线或者限 制。他们在球场上的风范,就是Air Force 1的风范;而且在球场外,每一位Air Force 1的新代言人都知道,传统不仅需要得到维护,更须要发扬光大。
在Air Force正式踏上舞台后,他开始受到了大批球员的欢迎。Charles Barkley的呈现将Air Force 1再次晋升到了一个新的高度,此后这双球鞋成为了一种精力的先驱,那就开端突起的Hip-Hop文化。Air Force 1延长出了大批分支,AFII,III,180乃至之后Charles Barkley脚下的那双经典的Air Max CB2同样也是源自Air Force。

12款精巧的Air Force 1,为30支NBA球队特殊打造的Air Force 1,售价高达16000元国民币的Air Force Lux Pack……每一双鞋子都让人爱不释手,都彰显着Air Force 1的奇特魅力。
到目前为止,air force 1的性质产生了变更,变成了街头潮流鞋而不是纯粹意义上的篮球鞋了。可它的影响力却始终没有减退,它见证了1/4世纪篮球运动的飞速发展。现在它已经成为各类潮人的百搭鞋款,是不可或缺的潮流物件.

之后风靡全美的Michigan大学五虎Fab 5(包含仍在NBA征战的Chris Webber、Jalen Rose、Juwan Howard)同样也是穿着Force系球鞋。他们首次已玄色袜子配上全黑的Air Max Force 180的造型震动了全国。他们和Duke大学的NCAA决赛成了两种文化的对决。Hip Hop Basketball对上了学院派篮球。而他们脚下的Force则是他们作风最明显的标记。凭着壮丽杰出的球技和超前的造型,他们敏捷全美国孩子的好汉, 媒体的宠儿。孩子们都为他们陷入猖狂的着迷,每一个年青人都开始学习他们的穿着。Force更是成为了每一个球场必备的进场券。自此Hip-Hop Basketball开端踏上主流。
当球鞋已经成为了一种文化时,那么他就是一件艺术品。
即使在中国,Air Force 1的潮流之风同样兴盛。很多年青人都会拥有一双Air Force1,因为这是自我作风展示,当Hip-Hop已经席卷全球,Air Force 1自然成了必不可少的配备。由Air Force 1领衔的球鞋文化也让很多人为之心醉。
现在大家对NIKE板鞋-耐克板鞋的差别有所懂得了吧,嘿嘿
这样 板鞋之间的差别是不大的,
冥冥之中,Air Force 1开始越来越多地与具有反水精神的运动员走到一起. Air Force所带来的技术和创新不单单在球场上淋漓尽致。他的精神同样开始进入了每一个人的生涯。
当 年的创新之作本日已成了昔日的经典。假如说Nike发明了Air Force 1,本日Air Force却已经不再单单属于Nike,而是成为了全部球鞋文化的象征。今天Air Force 1最完善的演绎了复古这两字。设计者们已全新的颜色和图案的表达方法给Air Force 1注入了新的灵魂。他已经成为了美国年青人日常所穿的必备鞋款。当06赛季的新秀Randy Foye和Rudy Gay第一次加入驰名全美篮球杂志拍摄的时候,略显羞涩的他们不约而同的选择了穿上纯白的Air Force 1,在他们心中Air Force 1是一种酷,一种潮流。
同样,Air Force 1被赋予了不同主题表达在球鞋上更是成了珍藏家们的猎物。有些甚至被标到了万元的天价。演艺圈还是名人,很多人都为拥有一双特定(exclusive)的 Air Force 1而骄傲。当今年夏天Kobe Bryant代言SONY的NBA 2007后,SONY送给他的礼物就是一双全球限定的Air Force 1 playstation。



经典的是鞋子上印着几个巨星的头像 实在更是一种文化;Air Force 1并非仅仅是一双鞋:它还是一种体验,它还是一座将其诞生地与一种文化衔接起来的桥梁,而这种文化又使它本身得以生存;DUNK SB"全称是DUNK LOW(HI) PRO SB。以前"DUNK"只是一双普通的篮球鞋,现在"DUNK"被耐克注进了更多的时尚元素,而加装了zoom air和厚鞋舌的"DUNK SB"逐渐成为了耐克滑板鞋的中坚力气.

2010年10月21日星期四

从南海石油说起--- 虾兵蟹将欺龙王



       中国的南海与南中国的海
中国人驰骋于南海已近千年,而1946年国民党海军巡防南沙,西沙诸岛则标志着中国作为二战胜利国正式对南海行使主权。尔后, 也就是在1947年4月14日国民政府内政部同有关部门探讨了“西、南沙群岛范围及主权之确定与公布案”,并就“南海领土范围最南应至曾母暗沙”等事项作出了决定,初步确定和公布南海诸岛的范围和主权。出书了《南海诸岛位置图》以未定国界线标绘了一条由十一段断续线组成的线,既而有了今天人们熟知的九段线。

说起九段线就不能不提及林遵,其工资民族好汉林则徐的侄孙,1946年带领四艘舰艇代表人民政府以打败国身份收复西沙,进而巡视南沙诸岛,此次海军动作根本确立了中国在南海的主张,设立了主权标记,南沙太平岛就以安定号兵舰定名。其后,内战暴发,林遵率部叛逆。

现在提起南海和九段线,也往往也有人把功勋归到国际朋侪花生米(注1)、印刷品上空一格(注2)、智能翻译下的常凯申(注3),在日志中强国,地图上开疆的,民主灯塔民族救星之先总统-蒋公身上。


 注1:花生米这一绰号来自于美国派给蒋公的顾问长并身兼中缅印战区美军总司令的史迪威。
 注2:蒋公被称做空一格是因为KMT规定但凡写到校长名讳就要空一格以示尊重听说这跟圣经有关。

总之在南海周边国家尚处于殖民无知状态之际创举性提出的南海十一段线,成为国民党在其舆图开疆史上不多的亮点。
需要指出的是无论十一段线还是九段线中国政府始终没有定论,“国界线说”、“历史水域说”、“岛屿范围线说””历史性权力线说“无不阐明了南海主权的复杂性。 
 由于内战爆发,两岸对立,南海诸岛从六十年代逐渐遗失到八十年代末瓜分殆尽。待到国人羽翼渐丰眼光回首回头回忆的时候,南海未然是被瓜分的乌七八糟,咱们不由要问南海照样中国人的南海吗?
 

 二战成功后,中国一度有时机重得琉球,接收越南。然而巨大的民族救星民主灯塔就是不敢许可,却是勇于在尚未自力的南海诸国门口划出十一条断线。不幸十一段线内的岛屿,有若有人生没人养的孩子。不过想想某党与某先总统一向乐于壤内,连外蒙古都乐于奉送,南海上多少个孤岛算的了什么。
 中国政府的立场
由于中国政府(包括“国民政府”)一直未对九段线做过任何明白或间接的执法层面阐释,以是九段线的主张很自然让人联想为段线之内皆为“王土”。实际上这一条线更多的被政府默许为传统疆界限,而受到《联合国海洋法条约》的影响,九段线内许多海域要么成为公海,要么与他国经济水域重叠。因其中国政府对南海主权的态度是:认为线内的岛屿及其左近海域是中国国土的一部分,受我国的统领和节制。详细体如今1958年《中华人民共和国政府关于领海的声明》,该申明规定了中华人民共和国的12海里领海宽度,并发布此项划定实用于“中华人民共和国的所有领土,包括中国大陆及其沿海岛屿,和同大陆及其沿海岛屿隔有公海的台湾及其四周各岛、澎湖列岛、东沙群岛、西沙群岛、中沙群岛、南沙群岛以及其他属于中国的岛屿。”
在上世纪70年代南海争端时,中国政府在各种不同场所都是用南海诸岛“是中国领土的一部分,中华人民共和国对这些岛屿及其附近海域享有无可辩论的主权”的措词来表述中国在南海问题上的基本立场。









        中国在北部湾的油气开发始终遵照中越《北部湾划界协定》



















































































































       撤除南海,我国在东海,黄海分歧水平上与临国存在争议,中国在东海的油气开发就使得东海问题逐步晋级。厥后日本一度宣称要着手开发中心线西侧油气,但终因不足周边地质材料放置。中国在约请日本介入东海气田开发之后,因为日本并不领有此区域的勘探资料甚至于无奈与中方停止会商。
























































     
日本对中国的谍报汇集始终另我们感觉羞愧与不安

天外庭院口平台搭建
对于海洋争议最著名的就是《北海大陆架案 》,1966年,Nike Shox Chaussures,以联邦德国为一方,以丹麦和荷兰为另一方,就它们之间在北海的大陆架划界问题发生了争端。欧洲北海自1959年在荷兰近岸地域发现大型自然气田后,惹起列国对北海大陆架油气田勘探开发的器重。1963年至1966年,北海5个沿岸国(英国、挪威、丹麦、荷兰、联邦德国)先后颁布了本国对于大陆架的法令,并陆续进行了一系列双边划界活动。此中,联邦德国与荷兰、丹麦的大陆架划界就进入僵局,末了颠末国际法院判决于1971年l月28日分手签署了联邦德国、丹麦、荷兰三边议定书及联邦德国与丹麦,联邦德国与荷兰双边合同终极解决了争端。但是南海问题要比北海庞杂的多,也无法照搬北海争端解决模式。
[主权归我,搁置争议、独特开发]
      1990年小平同道提出了在解决南海问题上,主权归我,搁置争议、共同开发的基来源根基则。由于八十年代末,中国正处在艰屯之际,因此中国极需腾手解决国内发展问题,中国其时还是石油输出国,能源问题则并不凸起。在军事上,即便面临越南这样的敌手,近海防御性子的海军依然放不开四肢举动,腿短的陆基航空兵受制于作战半径无法赐与海军支撑。基于现实的考虑,提出主权归我,搁置争议、共同开发这一准则也不稀奇。
       事实上就在此原则发表不久前,中越刚在赤瓜礁爆发了314海战。到1990年颁发这番讲话时,中国刚从南沙夺回了六座岛礁,而其他岛礁则全部被瓜分殆尽。

 
 要是不是越南的第一枪,或许就不会有314海战,汗青有时间便是诸多偶合的叠加。80年月末的南海舰队仍然防空单薄,314海战当天某舰主炮乃至产生毛病,从海南到南沙漫长的补给线就会给南沙岛礁带来相称搅扰。
 1987年2月,联合国教科文组织拜托中国建设5个海洋观测站,而永暑礁正好被选做第74号海洋观测站。从来考究出师著名的中国有联结国这面大旗,终于得以趁势收复了永暑、华阳、东门、南薰、渚碧、赤瓜等六岛礁,  而在90年代中期,恰逢美军撤出菲律宾,中国又收回了美济礁。
施工机械登上永暑礁
南沙的岛礁前提顽劣,阔别中国外乡,却亲近东南亚国度。一旦事态失控,很有可能形成一种拉锯态势。因而须要我国水师具备一种恒久,有用的威慑威力。另外,南海的背地处处都有大国的背影,东南亚一贯是某国封闭中国的主要链条,于是中国当局对付某些大国权力常常显得有所顾忌。
 由于中国沿海长期被国民党海军骚扰,中国海军只能长期处于沿海防御的守势,而台湾海峡,南海更是美国人的世界。而到了1973年美、越签订《巴黎协定》完结越南和平之后,中国于第二年就出击西沙,一举收回了西沙群岛。
一些人对中国政府往往抱有微词,其中就包括南沙岛礁问题上。有些“有良知的历史家”考证出蒋介石手令(  “查我东海舰队,赴西沙作战,沿线我国军,开放航道,太平岛军医院随时待命,救治西沙之战伤员……”。 )这样的英雄古迹。  甚至还有说314海战时期中国舰队去太平岛补给这样的鬼话。
 事实上,蒋介石恰好对南沙问题毫无作为,在南越侵犯中国西沙,南沙主权的时候,还派“中华民国驻越军事参谋团”援助南越。昔时拥有相当实力海军,还是所谓合法政府的国民政府是眼睁睁的看着各个岛礁沦丧的。最先占据南沙太平岛的台湾至今也仍占据着太平岛一隅坐享太平。
[南海各方行为宣言]
中国与东盟各国外长及外长代表2002年11月4日在金边签署了《南海各方行为宣言》。中国国务院总理朱?基和东盟各国指导人列席了签字仪式。
宣言确认中国与东盟努力于增强睦邻互信搭档关系,共同保护南海地区的宁静与稳固。宣言强调通过友爱协商协议判,以和平体式格局解决南海有关争议。在争议解决之前,各方承诺维持抑制,不采取使争议复杂化和扩充化的行动,并本着合作与体谅的精力,追求建立互相信赖的路子,囊括开展海洋环保、征采与告急、袭击跨国犯法等合作。
 固然南海各方行为宣言的签订一度弛缓了这一地区的军事冲突,但是宣言依然对各国没有束缚力。各方面在南沙海域依然各自行事,抵触时有发生,武备比赛仍在继续。





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黑金的引诱
在中国政府宣布拥有南沙群岛主权后的十多年里,南沙周边国家从未提出贰言。直到60年代末当南海蕴藏着石油黑金的消息传开后,各方势力一拥而上。而随着勘探和开采技术进步,东南亚各国将黑手进一步从其沿海大陆架延伸入到南沙深处。


从高低两张图可以容易了解到5年来,南沙海域被他国逐渐鲸吞的状况
以上两张南沙石油态势图则更形象的显示出南沙主权纷争本源是石油,周边各国抢占南沙岛礁的目的也是为了进一步扩大其石油好处。这些国家也是根据本身占据岛礁规模来制订自己的领土主张,划分领海界线。

目前南沙岛礁盘据情势是,越南:29个;菲律宾:8(9?)个;马来西亚:10 (?)个;文莱:0个;中国:8 (太平岛为台湾占领)个。


围绕九段线周边主要的含油构造位于,巴拉望海槽、礼乐滩、文莱�沙巴盆地、东纳土纳盆地、曾母盆地、万安盆地 。
 从1 987年起到1994年止,中国科学院南海海洋研究所也在南沙岛礁区进行了15726 km的地震道路调查。这些工作的结果表明,南沙岛礁区的盆地面积偏小,沉积偏薄,一样平常认为油气前景较差。
 1994年10月1995年3月,地质矿产部航空物探遥感中间对111o一118 E之间,5。N以北的南海海疆进行了航磁测量,共实现11.22万测线公里的丈量使命,初步功效表现在曾母、礼乐滩及安渡滩至永署礁之间拥有较大堆积盆地,沉积厚度较大。

下面就南沙周边各国石油状态做简略先容:
越南
在1980年,越南和原苏联签订了在越南南边大陆架勘探和开采石油的协定。1981年越苏两国成立了越苏油气联营公司。 1986年,越南在“白虎”油田首次开采出少量石油。从此,越南的原油产量逐年增长:1987年为34万吨,1990年超过250万吨,1993年完成650万吨。到2003年白虎油田仍然是越南国内最大的油田,石油产量占越南当年石油总产量的70%。
      越南国有油气公司(PetroVietnam)是越南国内惟一可以治理和从事石油勘探和生产营业的公司。越南大多半的石油勘探和生产活动都发生在Cuu Long海域和Nam Con Son(万安盆地)盆地。
越南国家油气公司在一份声明中称,去年的原油产量增长9%至1630万吨,还,其天然气产量增多7%至80.1亿立方米。  该公司还称客岁出口了1629万吨原油,较上年同期增长11.5%。另外越南至今没有原油加工能力,燃油依赖入口,目前越南正在兴建两座炼厂以满足国内需要。

将几个本不干系的图拼到一同,很轻易懂得越南为何对南海主权提出要求,很好诠释了主权--石油--金钱--军事-主权的轮回关系。越南拿出汉字书写的大南一统图作为主权论据本来就是自取其辱。


以下为越南开发中的油气田
油气称号/地点区块/开发方/投产日期

+    Bach Ho field白虎油田/09-1/VSP/1986
+    Rong field/09-1/VSP/1994
+    Dai Hung field大熊油田 /05-1b/Dai Hung Corporation/1994
+    Bunga Kekwa field ? Cai Nuoc/PM3-CAA&46-Cai Nuoc/TML&TVL/1997
+    Rang Dong field /15-2/JVPC/1998
+    Hong Ngoc field /01&02/PCVL/1998
+    Su Tu Den field /15-1/CLJOC/2003
+    Bunga Raya field /PM3-CAA/TML/2003
+    Bunga Tulip field /PM3-CAA/TML/2006
+    Ca Ngu Vang field/09-2/HVJOC/2008
+    Phuong Dong field/15-2/JVPC/2008
+    Song Doc field/46-02/TSJOC/2008
+    Cendor field/PM304/Petrofac/2006 (a foreign field - Malaysia, PVEP’s involvement of 15%)
+    Tien Hai field C/DBSH/PVEP Song Hong/1981 ? Natural gas
+    D14&Song Tra Ly field/DBSH/PVEP Song Hong/2004 ? Natural gas
+    Lan Tay field/06-1/BP/2002 ? Natural gas
+    Rong Doi, Rong Doi Tay field/11-2/KNOC/2006 ? Natural gas
+    Bach Ho field/09-1/VSP/1995 ? Associated gas
+    Rang Dong field/15-2/JVPC/2001 - Associated gas
+    Phuong Dong field/15-2/JVPC/2008 - Associated gas
+    Ca Ngu Vang field/09-2/HVJOC/2008 - Associated gas
+    Bunga Kekwa field ? Cai Nuoc/PM3-CAA&46- Cai Nuoc /TML&TVL/2003 ? Natural gas & Associated gas
+    Bunga Raya field /PM3-CAA/TML/2003 - Natural gas & Associated gas
+    Bunga Seroja field /PM3-CAA/TML/2003 - Natural gas
+    Bunga Tulip field /PM3-CAA/TML/2006 - Associated gas
+    Bunga Orkid field /PM3-CAA/TML/2008 - Natural gas

 值得注意的是对南沙主权同样具有争议的越南和马来西亚,近年来合作开发了位于越南与马来西亚相近的PM3-CAA区块。建设了Bunga Kekwa field 、Bunga Raya field 、 Bunga Seroja field 、   Bunga Tulip field、    Bunga Orkid field 等油气田。

越南一直致力于将其探区引入美,日,俄等多方势力,以达到对抗中国的目的, 越南的海域上简直可以看到世界各国的脸孔.(上图是韩国KNOC开发的RONG DOI 气田.下图为平台施工过程.)
越南主力油田并未在我国传统海域线内,大熊油田(大熊油田石油产量为40万吨/年,2002)则与九段线擦边并局部垮界。而万安滩内目前勘探发现主要为天然气,在九段线内红极一时的蓝龙油田和其他几个油气构造则由于地质结构复杂难于开发而没有下文。
虽然越南石油勘探在九段线内并不顺利,但越南对万安滩(我国万安北-21区块 )附近仍不铁心。在九段线内片面设置了泛滥勘探区块寻求国外合作,重大侵占了中国主权。
越南甚至通过制作与中方堆叠互助区块,用海军骚扰拦阻中国勘探船的行为滋扰中国在南沙海域油气的开发,典范就是万安北-21变乱。



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万安北-21事件
 由于中国政府在南海问题上的一贯"低调",外加国人的健忘天性,很多事件都被歌舞平生中的人们所淡忘。作为中国在南沙海域首次测验考试的万安北-21事件就在其中。
中国有关地质人员通过长期的考查,很早便注意到位于南沙的万安滩拥有较好的油气后劲.同时位于美国的克里斯通能源公司也注意到南海的石油前景,于是在1992年克里斯通能源公司与中海油在北京签署了一个名为“万安北-21”的石油开发合同,合同区总面积约25155km2,在该合同区东部还有一块面积约为5076km2的海域,作为可能增加的面积。合同签署后,中国的新闻媒体立刻发表消息。万安北-21为中国在南沙群岛海域的第一个石油合同,自然被予以厚望。
当初中国政府选择该区块进行对外合作是经过仔细衡量的,首先该海域远离越南大陆架,此外该区域并没有其他势力在此开发,更不波及第三国双方面的海上界限。
    1994年越南与俄罗斯石油公司以50:50的合伙比例,在“万安北-21”合同的统一区块,签订了一个石油钻探合同,造成了合同重叠。①1996年4月,越南与颇具实力的美国杜邦公司的子公司��大陆石油公司(CONOCO LTD),签订了一个面积约为12100平方公里的勘探与开采合同,美方拥有70%的股份,其地位完全在“万安北-21”条约区之内,又一次造成了合同重叠。1994年4月,克里斯通公司依据合同条目,租赁中国勘探船只“实验2号”,进入“万安北-21”合同区施行初次海上勘探功课。这艘中国勘探船于4月13日达到合同区确当天,河内便出动5艘武装船只对“实行2号”进行游弋监视。越日下战书,两艘越南武装船只凑近中国勘探船,先是锚泊于500米处监督,而后猖獗地回旋于中国非武装的勘探船只周围,实验抵近威胁与骚扰,最近间隔仅30米(附件3)。此类举措一直延续至深夜。15日上午,越南武装船只再次出动,故伎重演,反复前一天的抵近要挟与骚扰活动,直至深夜。为防止局势恶化,避免冲突升级,中国勘探船只始终保持克制,在尚未展开作业的环境下于4月16日早晨拔锚,撤退作业区出航。

 虽然万安-21区块归于寂静,但中国对南沙的探索并未终结。2004年7月,疆土资源部向中石油股份公司发放了南海海域勘探答应证,容许勘探和开采18个位于南海南部海域的深海区块,包括南沙群岛地区的区块。
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菲律宾
菲律宾石油产量不高,今朝日产石油2.3万桶,产自深海油田。菲律宾石油日生产量33.6万桶,国产石油只能餍足7%的需求。

菲律宾国营石油公司在该国石油生产中占主导,并常与外国石油公司合作经营大项目;菲律宾能源部担任颁发油气勘探生产许可证。
自70年代初菲律宾在南沙群岛附近海域开展油气勘查活动以来,西北巴拉望盆地始终是菲律宾油气勘探开发的重点地区。菲律宾已往和现在的一切石油产量都是采自西北巴拉望海域。但是。这些生产油田都不在南沙海域内。


但目前该国的探区也逐年深入南沙海域,主要包括位于礼乐滩和西北巴拉望盆地。
1975年菲律宾非法将礼乐滩面积约2.6万km 的海域出租给法国、瑞典等国的石油公司,为其勘探石油和天然气。从1976年开始到1984岁尾止,菲律宾在礼乐滩共钻探7 口井,其中有两口井钻遇少量天然气和凝析油。Sampaguita一1井和Sampaguita一3A井都是从古新同一始新统砂岩中产出天然气和凝析油的。由于地质条件较差, 无庞大突破, 于1987年摒弃了这里的勘查。但是,从1992年开端, 菲律宾又转变了对礼乐滩的立场,从新邀请外国石油公司在那边开展地球物理查询拜访。有资料显示“礼乐滩盆空中积约71,O00km2,估量赋存有l,415亿m’天然气,但至今仍未有重要发现。
不过自2002年以来其海内的马兰帕亚(Malampaya)海峡成为了近期的勘探抢手。
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马来西亚
马来西亚2008年石油总产量为727 000桶/天, 耗费约547000桶/天,并净出口约180,000桶/天 2008年一共有68个油田在生产中。马来西亚国营石油公司(Petronas)在该国石油上、下流生产中占主导地位,掌握着马来西亚所有勘探、开发项目的所有权。

 马来西亚在南海的勘探区域主要为曾母盆地巴林坳陷和南康台地、文莱三角洲西部及文莱~沙巴盆地的沙巴近海区。1954年荷属壳牌公司在沙捞越近海(曾母盆地)展开地震勘探.1962年发现了第一个海上油田一特马那(Temana)油田。截至2007年马来西亚发现了146个油田和195个气田,但只要53个油田和23个气田在开采中。


 马来西亚是在南沙群岛附近海域勘探开发油气比拟早,而且效果最大的国家。该国从5O年代起就在沙捞越(SARAWAK)和沙巴(SABAH)近海勘查石油(主要是在曾母盆地和文莱一沙巴盆地)1966年马来西亚宣布了大陆架法,并在海上划出投标区块(侵入我南沙海域8万km2),出租给荷兰壳牌公司的子公司�� 沙捞越壳牌公司勘探石油。1969年马来西亚与印度尼西亚签订了大陆架划界协定, 其大陆架深入我国南沙海域内的宽度达300海里。
截止到2009年马来西亚在沙捞越和沙巴海域划出了多个深水区块,即A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、j、K、L、M,现在这12个区块曾经全部出租,主要是与美孚和壳牌等大石油公司签订了产量分红合同。另外还陆续开放了ND1、ND2、ND3、ND4、ND5、2C等区块进一步深刻南沙,其中A、B、C、D、E、F、k、L、M、ND1、ND2、ND3、ND4、ND5、2C等区块全部位于我国南沙海域,别的3个区块部分位置于南沙海域。目前该国浅水区域油气产量逐年递减,资本日渐干涸,但近年来在深水区陆续发现了新的油田。

Kikeh Spar Offshore Malaysia
其中Kikeh油田于2002年发现,属于深海油田,在K 区块南部水下1300米深处,由墨菲石油公司经营。据预测,该油田储藏3~7亿桶高品质的原油。这也是东南亚地区在过去10年中发现的最大的油田之一。该油田到2010年生产能力将达到120000桶/天石油和150百万规范立方英尺/每天然气。Kikeh油田的开采并非好事多磨,建设成本已经进步至17亿美元,其中包括建设一条输往拉不安岛(Labuan)的天然气管道的费用。但该油田与区块J重合,占文莱声称拥有主权的海上区域的一半。
该油田由海底管线,浮式生产平台,SPAR(深水浮筒式平台)平台组成--如下图,是马来西亚第一个深海油田。

Kikeh油田开发模式




从Kikeh油田输往拉不安岛(Labuan)的天然气管道建设进程,海上油气开发就是大把的往海里砸钱。试想从海南岛铺设一条到Kikeh油田的管道在工程大将是多么浩荡,在投资上将会何等地理。



Gumusut-Kakap油田位于水下1000米以下,于2003年由壳牌石油公司在J区块发现。该油田向西北延伸与K区块相邻,从而可能存在与文莱发生经济专属权纠葛。
2004年又分别在深水区发现Ubah CREST(墨菲公司)、Pisangan(壳牌) 、Jangas(壳牌),三个油田,这些油田均位于1000米水下。拟计划分别在2011年或2012年投产。
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文莱

文莱煤油分娩的历史较长,早在1899年就打出了第一口油井。1913年壳牌石油公司进入该国的油气勘探市场,从此便引发了大范围的油气开发运动。文莱近海的文莱~沙巴盆地油藏丰硕, 勘察发明了一些驰名的油气田。
1966年文莱宣布设立500km长、100km宽的海上招标区,吸引外国石油公司参与勘探开发,侵入我国南沙海域约4.4万km2。 文莱设置的J区块和K区块既深入我国传统海疆又与马来西亚存在争端。马来西亚曾一度用海军驱逐走文莱在J区块的勘探承包方。
文莱的石油工业完全由文莱壳牌石油公司(BSP)把持。BSP当前拥有七个海洋油田,包括Champion油田(拥有文莱40%的石油储量,当前产量约为5万桶/天)、Southwest Ampa油田(最老的油田,拥有文莱天然气储量和产量的一半以上)、Fairley油田、Fairley-Baram油田、Gannet油田、Magpie油田(自1977年开始投产,当前产量为1万桶/天)和Iron Duke油田。BSP同时还拥有两个陆上油田:Rasau和Seria-Tali油田。另一个陆上油田Egret计划在2006年投产文莱石油的主要消费国包括日本、韩国、美国、澳大利亚、新西兰、中国和印度。
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 印度尼西亚
印尼两个最大的油田米纳司和杜里(Duri)油田,位于苏门答腊岛东部沿海,由雪佛龙公司谋划,产量趋于降落。近年在爪哇东部和中部的炽布(Cepu)区块也发现了大油田,埃克森/美孚公司等参与了炽布区块的勘探,估计炽布区块石油可采储量为6亿桶,该区块投产后,估计日产量可达18万桶。
1969年印度尼西亚与马来西亚签订了大陆架划界协议, 侵入我国南沙海域约5万km 。70年代初印尼开始对东纳土纳海域进行油气钻探。1973年阿吉普石油公司钻探的Alpha一1井获天然气发现, 由埃索公司评估证实,这里是一个巨型气田� �纳土纳气田。该气田在纳土纳岛东北方约225km处,在曾母盆地西北部水深145m,全副位于我国南沙海域。据预测,该气田储备的气体总量高达6.29万亿m 。其中CO2含量很高,均匀占71%。预测可采烃气储量为1.31万亿m 。无论从气体总量还是可采烃气储量来说,纳土纳气田都是世界最大的气田之一。但是由于90年代后期的亚洲金融危机以及该气田充斥二氧化碳难于开发,该油田开发被长期搁置,在2009年有消息指出印度尼西亚国家石油公司没有能力径自开发这个巨型气田,如果开发这个巨型气田估计需要400亿美元的投资。由于新增油气储量无法补救老油田的递加态势,该国在2010年将可能成为石油进口国。
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中国海洋石油工业的生长过程
新中国的海洋石油事业发轫于南海,早在1957年,有关部门即开始在海南岛南面莺歌海岸外组织作业,追索海面油苗显示,后由于60年代越美战事终止。1958年,则在渤海湾荣城至大沽口一段沿海地带调查油气苗;1959年,开展并完成了渤海海域及其邻近陆地的小比例尺航空磁测,资料初步提醒渤海是华北拗陷区的一个组成部分。1960年5月,开展海上地震、重力、电法的物探试验;随后完成了渤海全海区的地震概查和支配了远景较好的辽东湾海域的普查和重力调查。资料进一步证实,渤海是陆地各拗陷向海域延伸的部分。这期间,也在渤海进行了地质观测、测量海底地形,底质取样以及部分海底重力工作。

从渊源上讲,在石油企业革新之前,中石油,中石化,中海油的各大油田均归口石油部管辖,改革后中石油据有了大部分的油田,中石化则包揽大多数炼厂,中海油则在石油需求强劲的配景下逐渐崛起。中国陆上油田基本被中石油,中石化包揽,同样海上的有利区块也都被中海油注册,虽然也有关于中海油上陆,中石化,中石油下海的说法,但中石油、中石化与中海油依然缺乏互动。而经过40多年的开发,中国陆上石油资源,尤其是东部油田油气资源已成日益递减状态,海上石油的发展将有力缓和这一状况。在几年内渤海油田很有可能成为中国第二大油气产地,中海油也将超过中石化成为中国第二大油气生产商。
1961年、1964年分别对黄海海域进行地动初查,以相识南黄海与苏北盆地的地质结构关系,并着手对其含油远景的摸底事情。海上油气勘查的逐渐睁开渤海油气勘查获得了打破,发现了海上油田。1967年6月,海1井试获日产30t的原油,成为我国海域第一口出油井。
南海北部湾油气勘查的突破。从60年代安排了区域性调查后。直到1973岁首年月,美、越签订《巴黎协定》结束越南战争,南海海域恢复安静之后,中国燃料工业部才再一次成立了南海石油勘探筹办处,恢复南海石油勘探。到1973年,基本完成了综合地质、地球物理调查,预测北部湾是一个有良好前景的含油气拗陷。此后几年,由于国内又出现其它起因,南海海域的石油勘探开发一直处于阻滞状态。1977年8月,石油、地质两部技术职员共同剖析地震成果资料,选定的涠西南一号构造带湾1井,1977年9月试获日产原油20t,天然气9 490m3。
开发珠江口盆地勘查。1974年,区域研讨工作以为,珠江口外海域是值得留意的地区,倡议作为以后油气勘查的主要疆场。1975年进行的区域概查和综合性地球物理普查,证明珠江口外存在一个沉积厚度大、由几个拗陷构成、面积约15万km2的沉积盆地。1975年12月,肯定为石油普查重点工区。1977年开始钻探。
评价、探索南黄海。1967年6月~1970年,在浅水部分地球物理试验根底上,对南黄海进行了地震大剖面测量。从1974年开始,应用我国自行设计、改装的双体钻井船,施工钻井7口,取得了重要的地质资料,但未能获得工业油气的发现。
       改革开放后,根据国务院确定的开发海洋石油采取对外合作与自营相分离的“两条腿走路”的方针,1979~1980年,采纳双边谈判方式与外国公司签订南海、黄海的南部地球物理勘探协媾和渤海、北部湾石油勘探开发合同。1979年8月,南海珠江口盆地珠5井首次突破工业油流关,引起中外各方的存眷。1982年1月30日,国务院宣布了《中华人民共和国对外合作开采海洋石油资源条例》,1982年2月15日,中国海洋石油总公司成立,负责对外合作业务,享有合作海区内进行勘探、开发、生产和贩卖的专营权。

2009年中国海洋石油总公司(China National Offshore Oil Corp.)油气产量为4,766万吨油当量,较上年增长11%。

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共和国的斗争
 海上油气田的勘探开发不同于陆上油田,大庆油田式的石油会战同样不得当于海洋。
 起首 ,以中国国情而言,在当前油价(80美元一桶)下,陆上油井日产原油在3吨阁下即可获得较好利润,若是海上油田如许的油井则无开采价值(中海油2009年的桶油重要成本为22.08美元)因此海上石油的成本问题也决议一些油田能否值得开采。以中石油某油田滩海(水劣等深线-5米)开发为例。该油田为取得百万吨产能,兴建人工端岛等设备,破费10亿左右人民币,若是要在深海形成此等规模开发成本也将是10亿,这10亿则会是美圆。而海上石油开采恰是一个“高危险”、“高技巧”、“高投入”的家当,据测算,每钻井一米耗资约1万元国民币,而海上钢构造平台每平方米造价就高达两万美元,云云算来,建立一其中型的海上油田投资将在3亿到6亿美元之间,而一个大型油田总投资将高达20至30亿美元。凡此各种,在开发之前,一个中小油田前期勘探的用度将到达2000万美圆。从寿命上讲,陆上油田开发后期可经过水驱,聚合驱等形式可接续生产若干年,甚至能够通过临时关井期待地层压力规复,油价攀升后,继续进行经济开采。而海上油田基于本钱思量则会挑选关井,因此海上油田在寿命上也较短暂。另外海上石油开采同时受油价,汇率的影响.
 

在现实中, 无论是媒体还是公众往往对南海深处没有一口中国油井而感到气愤,进而失去明智,从而引发对政府的诸多微词。但事实上多数人对于南海石油近况毕竟是怎么一回事暧昧不清,对海洋石油生疏而毫无意识。对于一部分人而言,石油开采彷佛就是在地层里打个眼这般简单。对于地质条件资料匮乏,勘探数据不明的区域,任何石油公司都力所不及,况且南海南端石油储藏多位于其他国家大陆架附近,在没有军事保证的情况下,一切都是空口说。

事实上海洋石油开发同样涵概了人类迄今控制的所有科技。首先海上平台的建造、搭建就是一项艰具的任务,海洋深度越大海情越复杂,对平台设施的请求越高。此外水下油气管线铺设,水下井口设施, 浮式生产平台,水下三维勘探,种种钻探作业,都对一个国家的造船能力,地球物理,海洋工程,石油装备范畴提出挑战。在任何方面呈现短板,都市在国际合作中于晦气地位。既然中国选择了独立的崛起之路,就会在各个方面面对更坎坷的历程与应战。
我国的海洋油气工程装备始于上世纪70年代,1972年,由渤海石油公司设计建造了我国第一座坐底式“海五”平台,工作水深为14~16m。同年,由七O八所为中国海洋石油总公司设计、大连造船厂建造了我国第一座自升式钻井平台“渤海一号”。

    1974年,由七O八所设计、沪东造船坞建造地质矿产部的“勘探一号”双体浮式钻井船。

    1984年,七O八所为地质矿产部研究设计、由上海造船厂建造了我国第一座半潜式钻井平台“勘探三号”。
    1988年七O八所为胜利油田研究设计、由中华造船厂与烟台船厂联合建造了“胜利三号”坐底式钻井平台。



细心研究便可发现近十年来中国海洋石油配备跟着国民经济的提高也取得了大发展,其标志就是具有里程碑意思的海洋石油981号。

      “身高”136米,“体重”3万吨!我国海洋石油装备造业标志性工程,由我国自行建造的当今世界最先辈的第六代3000米深水半潜式钻井平台“海洋石油981”,2月26日上午在上海外高桥造船有限公司顺利出坞,这座由中国海油投资建造的深水半潜式钻井平台具有勘探、钻井、完井与修井作业等多种功能,最鸿文业水深3000米,钻井深度可达10000米。平台船面面积相当于一个标准足球场巨细,平台自重超越3万吨;从船底到钻井架顶高度为136米,相当于45层楼高;电缆总长度650公里,相当于围绕北京四环路跑10圈。平台总造价近60亿元,计划在2011年建造完成并投入使用。
 海洋石油981顺遂出坞的音讯一经登报,立即引起了国内诸多网友的注目,许多人也天然联想到海洋石油981与南沙石油的关系。事实上,中国在南海的石油开发仍然盘绕珠江口盆地,琼东南,莺歌海等地区展开。中海油近来在南海的新发现:流花34-2及荔湾3-1构造,水深照旧在300米左右。而中海油在南海南真个勘探本质上并未有突破。(虽然有消息说,中国海油曾计划在07年10月尾或11月初进行南海深水独立勘探,但之后并无下文)受政治,军事的影响中国在南海的摸索行为始终遭到制约。那么海洋石油981号很可能参与到其余地区的深水油田合作中,至于在某些协定下,与相干南沙争议国合作开发的可能性也不能排除。总之中海油建设深水船队的意图既是证实本人的实力,也是标明国家意志,然后进展争取更多的在外洋合作,甚至不排除其所为目标在于为中国在南沙海域石油合作积累成本。
事实上,海洋石油981只是中海油深水计划的一环。在国际上,适合2000米到3000米水深的钻井船,光房钱天天就要40万到50万美元,并且还待价而沽,于是租船显然不如自己造船。2010年3月31日,海洋石油工程株式会社与招商局重工(深圳市)有限公司在深圳举办5万吨半潜式自航工程船建造合同具名典礼。该5万吨半潜式自航工程船船主221.6 米、型宽42米、型深13.3米、下潜深度26.8米,含压载水的装载量为50424吨,总载重量53500吨,是天下上第一艘带动力定位的5万吨级以上的自航式半潜船,载分量活着界上同类船舶中排名第二。该船计划于2012年2月托付运用,是海油工程计谋布局中将来深水船队中的一员。
 据悉,中海油雄心壮志的造船计划,主要包括7个名目:
一、30000吨半潜式动力定位起重铺管船,计划投资90亿元;
二、16000吨半潜式动力定位起重铺管船,计划投资60亿元;
三、多功能动力定位船,计划投资22亿元;
四、50000吨半潜式自航工程船,方案投资10亿元,Grossiste Nike Chaussures;
五、30000吨半潜式自航工程船,计划投资6亿元;
六、15000马力多功用动力定位支持船,计划投资8亿元;
七、10000马力三用工作船,计划投资6.24亿元。

 结语
由于历史、军事、政治、海洋石油技术等国家综合实力的诸多短缺才造成了中国在南海南端没有一口油井的难堪局面。
在争议地区进行石油合作虽有先例,但在搁置南海争议的条件下,即使各国就南沙石油存在合作的志愿或行动也是有限的。由于从实际来看,各个国家国内的民族主义感情依然是南海石油合作的阻碍;各国对于中国仍旧存在怀疑,抵抗,排挤。更要害是诸多有利区块早已被欧美日的各大石油商朋分,各方势力在此交织。
 南海今日场面不是久而久之造成的,也不会在朝夕间办理。所需要的不只是国家的决计,更需要的是国家的实力。在我国综合气力逐渐增长的本日,我国在南沙必需有所作为,才能挽回在历史与疆域上的诸多遗憾,才干真正完成民族振兴。